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De nombreux pays en sont venus à reconnaître qu'un plus grand recours à l'energie nucléaire pourrait contribuer utilement à réduire les émissions de dioxyde de carbone. Cependant, compte tenu des coûts élevés d’investissement et de la complexité des centrales nucléaires, le financement de leur construction reste souvent un défi de taille. Cela est particulièrement vrai lorsque ces financements sont laissés au secteur privé dans un contexte de concurrence des marchés de l’électricité. Cette étude examine les risques financiers qu'implique l'investissement dans une nouvelle centrale nucléaire, les moyens de les atténuer et les façons de structurer les projets de telle sorte que les risques résiduels soient pris par ceux qui sont les plus à même de les gérer. Compte tenu du fait que l'expansion des programmes nucléaires exigera des aides substantielles et durables des pouvoirs publics, l'étude met en avant le rôle que peuvent jouer les États pour faciliter et encourager les investissements dans de nouvelles capacités de production.
Nuclear power plants --- Nuclear industry --- Finance. --- Atomic energy industries --- Atomic industry --- Atomic power industry --- Nuclear energy industry --- Nuclear power industry --- Atomic power plants --- Nuclear power stations --- Power plants, Nuclear --- Energy industries --- Nuclear energy --- Nuclear facilities --- Power-plants --- Antinuclear movement
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Nuclear power plants --- Radioactive substances --- Law and legislation --- Fissionable materials --- Materials, Fissionable --- Materials, Radioactive --- Minerals, Radioactive --- Radio-elements --- Radioactive materials --- Radioactive minerals --- Substances, Radioactive --- Radiochemistry --- Atomic power plants --- Nuclear power stations --- Nuclear facilities --- Power-plants --- Antinuclear movement --- Nuclear energy
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Additional computer specific requirements to supplement the criteria and requirements of IEEE Std 603-2009 are specified. Within the context of this standard, the term computer is a system that includes computer hardware, software, firmware, and interfaces. The criteria contained herein, in conjunction with criteria in IEEE Std 603-2009, establish minimum functional and design requirements for computers used as components of a safety system.
Electronic digital computers --- Nuclear power plants --- Atomic power plants --- Nuclear power stations --- Nuclear facilities --- Power-plants --- Antinuclear movement --- Nuclear energy --- Automatic digital computers --- Computers, Electronic digital --- Digital computers, Electronic --- Computers --- Hybrid computers --- Sequential machine theory --- Reliability --- Standards. --- Electronic equipment
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Additional computer specific requirements to supplement the criteria and requirements of IEEE Std 603-2009 are specified. Within the context of this standard, the term computer is a system that includes computer hardware, software, firmware, and interfaces. The criteria contained herein, in conjunction with criteria in IEEE Std 603-2009, establish minimum functional and design requirements for computers used as components of a safety system. Keywords: commercial grade item, diversity, safety systems, software, software tools, software verification and validation.
Electronic digital computers --- Computers, Special purpose --- Nuclear power plants --- Atomic power plants --- Nuclear power stations --- Nuclear facilities --- Power-plants --- Antinuclear movement --- Nuclear energy --- Special purpose computers --- Computers --- Automatic digital computers --- Computers, Electronic digital --- Digital computers, Electronic --- Hybrid computers --- Sequential machine theory --- Reliability --- Standards. --- Electronic equipment --- Safety measures
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Corrosion in nuclear power plants cause reductions in efficiency and increases in deposit build-up on plant surfaces, making for expensive maintentance and potential radiological health hazards. This book guides studies to predict and minimize corrosion, thus making nuclear power safer and more cost effective. Too often, reliance on empirical models and on-site testing of existing plants makes study and prediction of corrosive effects in nuclear reactors into a pricey and lengthy process.
Nuclear reactors --- Corrosion and anti-corrosives. --- Nuclear power plants. --- Corrosion. --- Corrosion --- Mathematical models. --- Atomic power plants --- Nuclear power stations --- Nuclear facilities --- Power-plants --- Antinuclear movement --- Nuclear energy --- Anti-corrosive paint --- Atmospheric corrosion --- Metal corrosion --- Metals --- Rust --- Rustless coatings --- Chemical inhibitors --- Chemistry, Technical --- Fouling --- Materials --- Weathering --- Paint --- Protective coatings --- Waterproofing --- Atomic piles --- Chain reaction piles --- Reactors (Nuclear physics) --- Neutron transport theory --- Nuclear engineering --- Nuclear physics --- Nuclear propulsion --- Deterioration --- Surfaces --- Material Science and Metallurgy --- General and Others
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Rarely in the atomic age have hopes for genuine progress towards disarmament been raised as high as they are now. Governments, prompted by the renewed momentum of non-proliferation and disarmament initiatives, have put nuclear policy at the top of the international agenda. But how can countries move from warm words to meaningful action? By what means could the world be weaned from its addiction to nuclear weapons and who should undertake the task of supervising this process? This Adelphi examines practical steps for achieving progress toward disarmament, assessing the challenges and opportunities associated with achieving a world without nuclear weapons. it places the current debate over abolition in the context of urgent non-proliferation priorities, such as the need to prevent terrorists. It distils lessons from states that have already given up nuclear programmes and from the end of the Cold War to suggest ways of countering the efforts of Iran and North Korea to acquire nuclear weapons. For the longer term, it offers policy recommendations for movings towards a reduced global reliance on nuclear weapons.
#SBIB:327.5H22 --- BPB1006 --- Désarmement --- odzbrojenie --- αφοπλισμός --- diżarmament --- relvitustamine --- atbruņošanās --- разоружање --- disarmament --- razorožitev --- разоръжаване --- nedrustning --- Abrüstung --- dezarmare --- nusiginklavimas --- rozbrojenie --- desarmamento --- lefegyverzés --- разоружување --- aseidenriisunta --- disarmo --- çarmatim --- dí-armáil --- razoružanje --- ontwapening --- odzbrojení --- desarme --- afschaffing van kernwapens --- нуклеарно разоружување --- disarmo generale e completo --- opzione zero --- Komise OSN pro odzbrojení --- afrustning --- atbruņošanās process --- спогодба за разоружување --- piano generale di disarmo --- processo di disarmo --- leszerelés --- disarmo unilaterale --- trattato per l'eliminazione degli armamenti strategici --- Ontwapeningsproblemen - bewapening --- International relations. Foreign policy --- Polemology --- Nuclear nonproliferation. --- Nuclear disarmament. --- Nuclear arms control. --- Arms control. --- Security, International. --- Antinuclear movement. --- Non-prolifération nucléaire --- Désarmement nucléaire --- Armes nucléaires --- Armements --- Sécurité internationale --- Mouvement antinucléaire --- Contrôle
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This book examines the current debate on nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament, notably the international non-proliferation regime and how to implement its disarmament provisions. Discussing the requirements of a new international consensus on nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation, this book builds on the three pillars of the nuclear non-proliferation treaty (NPT): non-proliferation, disarmament and peaceful uses of nuclear energy. It reviews the impact of Cold War and post-Cold War policies on current disarmament initiatives and analyses contemporary proliferation pro
Nuclear disarmament. --- Nuclear nonproliferation. --- Nuclear nonproliferation --- Nuclear disarmament --- Law, Politics & Government --- International Relations --- Export of nuclear materials --- Export of nuclear technology --- International control of nuclear energy --- Nonproliferation, Nuclear --- Nuclear energy --- Nuclear exports --- Nuclear proliferation --- Proliferation, Nuclear --- Atomic bomb and disarmament --- Atomic weapons and disarmament --- Disarmament, Nuclear --- Nuclear weapons disarmament --- International control --- Nuclear arms control --- Nuclear-weapon-free zones --- Disarmament --- Antinuclear movement --- Nuclear weapons --- wapencontrole --- strategieen studies --- veiligheidsstudies --- international organizations --- ir --- internationale organisaties --- security studies - pol & intl relns --- strategic studies --- arms control --- China --- India --- Iran --- North Korea --- Nuclear weapon --- Russia --- Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons --- United States
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Mechanical Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Nuclear Engineering --- Nuclear energy --- Nuclear power plants --- Nuclear industry --- Electric utilities --- Reactor fuel reprocessing --- Nuclear reactor fuel reprocessing --- Reprocessing of nuclear fuels --- Spent reactor fuel processing --- Atomic energy industries --- Atomic industry --- Atomic power industry --- Nuclear energy industry --- Nuclear power industry --- Atomic power plants --- Nuclear power stations --- Power plants, Nuclear --- Atomic energy --- Atomic power --- Energy, Atomic --- Energy, Nuclear --- Nuclear power --- Power, Atomic --- Power, Nuclear --- Fission products --- Nuclear fuels --- Waste products --- Accelerator-driven systems --- Energy industries --- Nuclear facilities --- Power-plants --- Antinuclear movement --- Force and energy --- Nuclear physics --- Power resources --- Nuclear engineering
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The basic logic is very simple. Countries around the globe have a need for more electrical generating capacity because of increases in population and increases in energy use per capita. The needs are constrained by the requirement that the ba- load energy source be economical, secure, and not emit climate-changing gases. Nuclear power fits this description. Therefore, many countries that have not had a nuclear power program (or only had a small program) see a need to develop one in the future. However, the development of a national nuclear energy program is not so simple. The purpose of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Nuclear Power and Energy Security was to contribute to our understanding of how these programs might evolve. The workshop took place 26–29 May 2009 in Yerevan, Armenia. Approximately 50 participants discussed the infrastructure that is needed and some of the reactor options that might be considered. The papers in this book helped define the discussion that took place. The infrastructure that is needed includes a legal framework, a functioning regulator, a plan for waste disposal, a plan for emergency response, etc. These needs were explained and just as importantly, it was explained what international, bilateral, and regional cooperation is available. Although there were many co- tries represented, the Armenian experience was of particular interest because of where the meeting was located. The papers on reactor options covered both innovative and evolutionary designs.
Energy policy -- Congresses. --- Nuclear energy -- Congresses. --- Nuclear energy -- Safety measures -- Congresses. --- Nuclear power plants -- Security measures -- Congresses. --- Nuclear terrorism -- Prevention -- Congresses. --- Security, International -- Congresses. --- Nuclear energy --- Nuclear power plants --- Nuclear terrorism --- Security, International --- Energy policy --- Safety measures --- Security measures --- Prevention --- Atomic power plants --- Nuclear power stations --- Power plants, Nuclear --- Atomic energy --- Atomic power --- Energy, Atomic --- Energy, Nuclear --- Nuclear power --- Power, Atomic --- Power, Nuclear --- Environment. --- Nuclear energy. --- Particle acceleration. --- Quality control. --- Reliability. --- Industrial safety. --- Nuclear engineering. --- Radiation protection. --- Radiation --- Environmental management. --- Environmental Management. --- Nuclear Engineering. --- Effects of Radiation/Radiation Protection. --- Particle Acceleration and Detection, Beam Physics. --- Quality Control, Reliability, Safety and Risk. --- Nuclear Energy. --- Safety measures. --- Terrorism --- Nuclear facilities --- Power-plants --- Antinuclear movement --- Force and energy --- Nuclear physics --- Power resources --- Nuclear engineering --- Environmental protection. --- System safety. --- Safety, System --- Safety of systems --- Systems safety --- Accidents --- Industrial safety --- Systems engineering --- Particles (Nuclear physics) --- Acceleration (Mechanics) --- Environmental quality management --- Protection of environment --- Environmental sciences --- Applied ecology --- Environmental engineering --- Environmental policy --- Environmental quality --- Environmental stewardship --- Stewardship, Environmental --- Management --- Acceleration --- Radiation—Safety measures. --- Industrial accidents --- Industries --- Job safety --- Occupational hazards, Prevention of --- Occupational health and safety --- Occupational safety and health --- Prevention of industrial accidents --- Prevention of occupational hazards --- Safety, Industrial --- Safety engineering --- Safety of workers --- System safety --- Dependability --- Trustworthiness --- Conduct of life --- Factory management --- Industrial engineering --- Reliability (Engineering) --- Sampling (Statistics) --- Standardization --- Quality assurance --- Quality of products --- Radiation monitoring --- Radiation protection
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